Matilda Borden liked to pour a cup of tea to display her basket making expertise, proving her cups made from material gathered in British Columbiasa国际传媒檚 forests were watertight, says her granddaughter Brenda Crabtree.

Not one drop would leak, recalls Crabtree, who is also a basket-making artist and Aboriginal programs director at Emily Carr University of Art and Design in Vancouver.

sa国际传媒淪he was showing off and itsa国际传媒檚 really, truly the mark of a master weaver,sa国际传媒� she said of her grandmother who died in 1975.

Among First Nations, basket weavers have always been held in high regard, said John Haugen of the Nlakasa国际传媒檖amux Nation from B.C.sa国际传媒檚 Fraser Canyon.

sa国际传媒淚f you were a good basket maker and somebody else wanted your baskets they would have food to trade with you or other items.sa国际传媒�

Now the baskets are gaining more notice than just being functional works of art.

Canada recognized Nlakasa国际传媒檖amux basket making for its national historic significance this month with a ceremony at Lytton, about 265 kilometres northeast of Vancouver.

sa国际传媒淗istoric designations reflect Canadasa国际传媒檚 rich and varied history and I encourage all Canadians to learn more about Nlakasa国际传媒檖amux basket making and its important contributions to Canadasa国际传媒檚 heritage,sa国际传媒� said Jati Sidhu, Mission-Matsqui-Fraser Canyon MP, on behalf of Catherine McKenna, the minister responsible for Parks Canada.

Andrea Laforet, retired director of ethnology and cultural studies at the Canadian Museum of Civilization, said the making, use and trading of coiled basketry has been part of the history of the Indigenous Peoples of the southern Interior of B.C. and parts of Washington state for centuries, if not thousands of years.

sa国际传媒淟ike many of the utilitarian objects made in Indigenous societies in B.C., they are also works of art,sa国际传媒� said Laforet, who attended the ceremony in Lytton.

The baskets served as vital trade commodities for Indigenous Peoples in the Fraser Canyon area before and following contact with non-Indigenous people, Haugen said.

sa国际传媒淲e knew we were prolific basket makers and our baskets were traded outside of our nation prior to contact,sa国际传媒� said Haugen, who said war canoes from Vancouver Island made the voyage up the Fraser River to Spuzzum on trade missions.

The baskets made by Nlakasa国际传媒檖amux women provided economic support for families and communities from about 1850 to 1930 when they were traded in nearby non-Indigenous communities, he said.

Today, the baskets are on display in museums around the world and are coveted pieces at auctions, said Haugen, whose aunts were well-known basket makers, and his mother was an avid collector who often helped local people sell their work to collectors.

Borden was also part of the Nlakasa国际传媒檖amux Nation, and Crabtree said some of her earliest memories are of helping her grandmother harvest, process and weave cedar roots and bark into baskets.

sa国际传媒淚 love the fact that this form of basketry has been recognized as really, truly, technically amazing,sa国际传媒� she said.

She said the baskets served as items for cooking, storing and transporting food as well as being expressions of art by local women.

sa国际传媒淲e never really developed a pottery complex in the northwest coast because we didnsa国际传媒檛 need it,sa国际传媒� she said. sa国际传媒淧eople think how can you cook with just a cedar root basket? Well, you fill them with water and put hot rocks from fires into the basket. It would steam the food.sa国际传媒�

Crabtree said her most recent works of basketry include cultural commentary woven into the object. She said one of her baskets includes the residential school policy statement: sa国际传媒滽ill the Indian in the child.sa国际传媒�

sa国际传媒淚sa国际传媒檓 really using our baskets now as a vehicle for a discussion related to aboriginal identity and contemporary issues,sa国际传媒� she said. sa国际传媒淭hey can hold water, cook, and have an added message.sa国际传媒�

Retired ethnobotanist Nancy Turner, who wrote extensively about Interior basket making, said the baskets embodied the lifestyle of the Interior peoples.

sa国际传媒淭hey say if you are making a basket you should never be in a bad mood,sa国际传媒� she said. sa国际传媒淵ou should never get angry. You should be of good mind because the basket you are making will pick up on your own sense of well being.sa国际传媒�

Turner said students soon learned her courses in basket making were not as easy as imagined.

sa国际传媒淧eople will sometimes talk about sa国际传媒楤asket Making 101sa国际传媒� if yousa国际传媒檙e taking a simple course at university, but when I taught ethnobotany at University of Victoria, I had the students do a making-things project,sa国际传媒� she said. sa国际传媒淭he students soon learned itsa国际传媒檚 not at all simple.sa国际传媒�

Dirk Meissner, The Canadian Press

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