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Hergott: Rights, freedoms and drug mules

Lawyer Paul Hergott discusses the case of a B.C. man caught with 27,500 fentanyl pills
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A travesty of justice for the drug mule caught with 27,500 fentanyl pills to go free?

It would seem so, according to the overwhelming majority of hundreds of Facebook users commenting on news reports of the judge`s decision that was released this past week.

There is a steady flow of incredulous reactions such as: sa国际传媒淚tsa国际传媒檚 so crazysa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淲hat a joke!!!sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淏rutal!!!sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淯nbelievable but you cansa国际传媒檛 fix stupid !!sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淥mg!sa国际传媒; and sa国际传媒淭hat just sucks!sa国际传媒

Many pointed their fingers at judges, with comments like sa国际传媒淔log the Judge!!!sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淗ang the stupid judge!sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淚sa国际传媒檓 feeling like maybe our judges should be replacedsa国际传媒; and sa国际传媒淲ow, I am disgusted that the judge let this death dealer walk free.sa国际传媒

Others blamed our justice system generally, with comments like: sa国际传媒淭he system is set up for criminals, why are we surprised?sa国际传媒; sa国际传媒淎nother example of how screwed our justice system is in Canada!sa国际传媒; and sa国际传媒淐anadian justice system hard at work again.sa国际传媒

If we take the waterfall of incredulous Facebook comments as a reflection of overall Canadian reaction, the judge`s decision dealt a serious blow to the reputation of our justice system.

It is ironic, to the extreme, that it was protection of that very reputation that led to Mr. Justice Brudrettsa国际传媒檚 decision.

Unfortunate that journalists chose to focus their articles on the inflammatory result of a drug mule, caught red handed with 27,500 fentanyl pills, getting off because of a seemingly minor technicality.

And completely ignored Justice Brudrett`s detailed analysis of the law that required that result.

It`s complicated legal stuff, contained within two judgments.

The first, , is a 240 paragraph, 15,500 word decision considering whether or not the accusedsa国际传媒檚 Charter rights had been breached. The other, , is a 51 paragraph, 2,800 word decision considering whether or not the evidence should be excluded.

In fairness to the news media, complicated legal stuff is difficult to nutshell in a news report. But if the nutshell is so distorted that it delivers a serious blow to the reputation of a justice system the judge was painstakingly protecting, perhaps it should not have been nutshelled at all?

I am going to do my best to provide a more balanced nutshell. If I succeed, those of you who commented so negatively about the judge and our justice system might feel like I did when I learned the full story about the Covington school standoff.

One of our basic rights, protected by the , is to be secure from being unreasonably searched by the police. Another is a right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.

The rules about how those rights apply to a highway traffic stop have been established through hundreds and thousands of court decisions.

The police must have a sa国际传媒渞easonable suspicionsa国际传媒 of criminal activity before subjecting your vehicle to an exterior sniffer dog sa国际传媒渟earch.sa国际传媒 And that suspicion must be based on objective facts.

The judge listed the facts relied on by the RCMP officer: sa国际传媒淭o repeat, Cpl. Catellier relied upon the strong odour of cologne or air freshener coming from inside the vehicle, the fact that the accusedsa国际传媒檚 right arm and hand were shaking when he pulled over, the presence of multiple cell phones including a BlackBerry, the accusedsa国际传媒檚 illogical story, the short duration of his trip from Calgary, and the officersa国际传媒檚 belief that Highway 1 was a conduit for drugs, particularly around Chilliwack.sa国际传媒

And he accepted that those facts were sufficient to allow deployment of the sniffer dog, Doods.

But more than suspicion is required before the police can lawfully take next steps of arresting you and searching your vehicle.

In this case, the police officer himself stated that he would not have made the arrest if it were not for getting a signal from Doods that there were drugs in the vehicle.

So in order to decide whether or not the arrest and search were lawful, the judge had to decide whether Doods had given the signal.

Mr. Justice Brundrett scrutinized the evidence.

The way Doods had been trained to signal the presence of drugs was a simple one: she was trained to sit. Doods had not been trained to give the signal with a sa国际传媒減artial sit,sa国际传媒 and had never before actually done that to indicate the presence of drugs. And she had been accustomed to fully sit even in tight environments.

The dog handler had initially described the partial sit as a sa国际传媒渉alf sitsa国际传媒, but after reviewing the critical portion of a video changed his description to a sa国际传媒渜uarter sitsa国际传媒. He acknowledged that if the same thing had happened in training, he would try to bring the dog back and have her reconfirm the signal with certainty, something he did not do at the roadside.

The judge concluded that Cpl. Catellier did not have the objective basis to support his belief that Mr. Rigo was committing a criminal offence. The arrest and search of the vehicle were therefore unlawful.

But that wasnsa国际传媒檛 the end of the matter. The judge then had to consider how to handle a situation where the Crown was prosecuting a citizen based on evidence that would not have been collected had it not been for a breach of the citizensa国际传媒檚 rights.

The Charter specifically addresses that situation, requiring that the evidence be excluded if, having regard to all the circumstances, allowing it to be used would hurt the reputation of our justice system.

I will share the judgesa国际传媒檚 reasoning for excluding that evidence, in protection of the reputation of our justice system, in my next column.

Missed last weeksa国际传媒檚 column?

Hergott: Filing a personal injury claim

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